Dongosolo la EDI (Electrodeionization) limagwiritsa ntchito utomoni wosakanikirana wa ion kutsatsa ma cations ndi anions m'madzi osaphika.Ma ion adsorbed amachotsedwa podutsa ma cation ndi anion exchange membranes pansi pa mphamvu yamagetsi yachindunji.Dongosolo la EDI nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi ma alternating anion ndi ma nembanemba osinthira ma cation ndi ma spacers, kupanga chipinda chokhazikika komanso chipinda chochepetsera (mwachitsanzo, ma cations amatha kulowa kudzera mu nembanemba ya cation, pomwe anion amatha kulowa kudzera mu nembanemba yosinthira ya anion).
Mu dilute compartment, ma cations m'madzi amasamukira ku elekitirodi yoyipa ndikudutsa nembanemba ya cation exchange, komwe amalandidwa ndi nembanemba ya anion exchange mu concentrate compartment;ma anion m'madzi amasamukira ku electrode yabwino ndikudutsa nembanemba ya anion exchange, pomwe amalumikizidwa ndi nembanemba ya cation exchange mu chipinda chokhazikika.Kuchuluka kwa ayoni m'madzi kumachepa pang'onopang'ono pamene akudutsa m'chipinda chochepetsera, zomwe zimapangitsa madzi oyeretsedwa, pamene mitundu ya ma ionic mu chipinda choyikirapo imawonjezeka mosalekeza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi asungunuke.
Choncho, dongosolo la EDI limakwaniritsa cholinga cha dilution, kuyeretsa, kuika maganizo, kapena kukonzanso.Utomoni wosinthanitsa ndi ion womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita izi umasinthidwa mosalekeza ndi magetsi, motero sizifunikira kusinthika ndi asidi kapena alkali.Ukadaulo watsopanowu mu zida zamadzi zoyeretsedwa za EDI zitha kulowa m'malo mwa zida zosinthira ma ion kuti apange madzi oyera kwambiri mpaka 18 MΩ.cm.
Ubwino wa EDI Purified Water Equipment System:
1. Palibe asidi kapena kusinthika kwa alkali kofunika: Mu dongosolo la bedi losakanizidwa, utomoni uyenera kukonzedwanso ndi mankhwala opangira mankhwala, pamene EDI imathetsa kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zovulazazi ndi ntchito yotopetsa.Izi zimateteza chilengedwe.
2. Kugwira ntchito mosalekeza ndi kosavuta: Mu dongosolo la bedi losakanikirana, ntchito yogwirira ntchito imakhala yovuta chifukwa cha kusintha kwa madzi ndi kusinthika kulikonse, pamene njira yopangira madzi mu EDI imakhala yokhazikika komanso yowonjezereka, ndipo madzi amadzimadzi amakhala osasinthasintha.Palibe njira zovuta zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yosavuta.
3. Zofunikira zotsika pansi: Poyerekeza ndi machitidwe osakanikirana a bedi omwe amagwiritsira ntchito voliyumu yamadzi yofanana, machitidwe a EDI ali ndi voliyumu yaying'ono.Amagwiritsa ntchito ma modular mapangidwe omwe amatha kumangidwa mosinthasintha malinga ndi kutalika ndi malo a malo oyikapo.Mapangidwe a modular amapangitsanso kukhala kosavuta kusunga dongosolo la EDI panthawi yopanga.
Kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zakuthupi ndi vuto lomwe limapezeka m'makampani a RO, omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi opangira madzi, amawonjezera kuthamanga kwa malo olowera, komanso kutsitsa madzi amchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa machitidwe a RO.Ngati sichitsatiridwa, zigawo za membrane zimatha kuwonongeka kosatha.Biofouling imayambitsa kusiyanasiyana kwapakatikati, kupanga madera otsika otsika pamtunda, zomwe zimakulitsa mapangidwe a colloidal fouling, inorganic fouling, ndi kukula kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
M'magawo oyambilira a biofouling, kuchuluka kwa madzi opangira madzi kumachepa, kusiyana kwa mphamvu yolowera kumawonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi amchere kumakhalabe kosasinthika kapena kuwonjezeka pang'ono.Pamene biofilm imapanga pang'onopang'ono, kuchuluka kwa mchere kumayamba kuchepa, pamene kuipitsidwa kwa colloidal ndi kuipitsidwa kwa inorganic kumawonjezeka.
Kuipitsa kwa organic kumachitika mu nembanemba yonse ndipo nthawi zina, kumatha kufulumizitsa kukula.Chifukwa chake, kuwonongeka kwa biofouling mu chipangizo chopangira mankhwalawa kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa, makamaka kachitidwe ka mapaipi ofunikira a mankhwalawa.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira ndi kuchiza zoipitsa kumayambiriro kwa kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu zamoyo chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuthana nazo pamene microbial biofilm yakula kwambiri.
Njira zenizeni zoyeretsera ma organic matter ndi:
Khwerero 1: Onjezani zopangira zamchere kuphatikiza ma chelating agents, omwe amatha kuwononga ma organic blockages, kupangitsa kuti biofilm ikalamba ndi kupasuka.
Kuyeretsa zinthu: pH 10.5, 30 ℃, kuzungulira ndi zilowerere kwa 4 hours.
Khwerero 2: Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zopanda oxidizing kuchotsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kuphatikiza mabakiteriya, yisiti ndi bowa, ndikuchotsa zinthu zachilengedwe.
Kuyeretsa: 30 ℃, kupalasa njinga kwa mphindi 30 mpaka maola angapo (kutengera mtundu wa zotsukira).
Khwerero 3: Onjezani zopangira zamchere kuphatikiza ndi chelating kuti muchotse tiziduswa tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono.
Kuyeretsa zinthu: pH 10.5, 30 ℃, kuzungulira ndi zilowerere kwa 4 hours.
Malingana ndi momwe zinthu zilili, mankhwala oyeretsa acidic angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa zotsalira zowonongeka zowonongeka pambuyo pa Gawo 3. Ndondomeko yomwe mankhwala oyeretsera amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ofunika kwambiri, chifukwa ma humic acids amatha kukhala ovuta kuchotsa pansi pa acidic.Ngati mulibe determinate sediment properties, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyeretsa amchere kaye.
Ultrafiltration ndi njira yolekanitsa ya membrane yozikidwa pa mfundo ya kulekanitsa sieve ndikuyendetsedwa ndi kukakamizidwa.Kulondola kwa kusefera kuli mkati mwa 0.005-0.01μm.Imatha kuchotsa bwino tinthu ting'onoting'ono, ma colloid, ma endotoxins, ndi zinthu zakuthupi zolemera kwambiri m'madzi.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakulekanitsa zinthu, kukhazikika, komanso kuyeretsa.Njira ya ultrafiltration ilibe kusintha kwa gawo, imagwira ntchito kutentha kwa firiji, ndipo makamaka ndiyoyenera kulekanitsa zipangizo zowononga kutentha.Ili ndi kukana bwino kwa kutentha, kukana kwa asidi-alkali, ndi kukana kwa okosijeni, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosalekeza pansi pazikhalidwe za pH 2-11 ndi kutentha pansi pa 60 ℃.
Mbali yakunja ya ulusi wa dzenje ndi 0.5-2.0mm, ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi 0.3-1.4mm.Khoma la chubu lopanda kanthu limakutidwa ndi ma micropores, ndipo kukula kwa pore kumawonetsedwa potengera kulemera kwa chinthu chomwe chimatha kulandidwa, ndi kuchuluka kwa ma molekyulu amtundu wa masauzande angapo mpaka mazana angapo.Madzi aiwisi amayenda pansi pa kukanikiza kunja kapena mkati mwa dzenje la ulusi, motero kupanga mtundu wa mphamvu yakunja ndi mtundu wapakati.Ultrafiltration ndi njira yosinthira kusefera, ndipo zinthu zomwe zimalowetsedwa zimatha kutulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi ndende, popanda kutsekereza nembanemba pamwamba, ndipo zimatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mawonekedwe a UF Ultrafiltration Membrane Filtration:
1. Dongosolo la UF lili ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu chochira komanso kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kogwira ntchito, komwe kumatha kukwaniritsa kuyeretsedwa bwino, kulekanitsa, kuyeretsedwa, ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu.
2. Njira yolekanitsa dongosolo la UF ilibe kusintha kwa gawo, ndipo silikhudza kapangidwe kazinthu.Kupatukana, kuyeretsedwa, ndi ndondomeko ndende nthawi zonse kutentha firiji, makamaka oyenera zochizira kutentha tcheru zipangizo, kupeŵa kwathunthu kuipa kwa mkulu kutentha kuwonongeka kwachilengedwenso yogwira zinthu, ndi bwino kusunga kwachilengedwenso yogwira zinthu ndi zakudya zigawo zikuluzikulu mu dongosolo lazinthu zoyambirira.
3. Dongosolo la UF limakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, zopangira pang'ono, komanso zotsika mtengo zogwirira ntchito poyerekeza ndi zida zanthawi zonse, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira ndikuwongolera phindu lazachuma lamakampani.
4. Dongosolo la UF lili ndi mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri, kuphatikizika kwakukulu, kapangidwe kameneka, kaphazi kakang'ono, kugwira ntchito kosavuta ndi kukonza, komanso kutsika kwantchito kwa ogwira ntchito.
Kuchuluka kwa kusefera kwa UF ultrafiltration membrane:
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zida zamadzi oyeretsedwa, kuyeretsa zakumwa, madzi akumwa, ndi madzi amchere, kulekanitsa, kusungitsa, komanso kuyeretsa zinthu zamakampani, kuyeretsa madzi onyansa m'mafakitale, utoto wa electrophoretic, komanso kuchiza madzi otayira amafuta a electroplating.
Zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimasinthasintha pafupipafupi, makina owongolera ma frequency, makina owongolera, makina opopera madzi, makina owonera kutali, tanki yotchinga mphamvu, sensor sensor, etc. Imatha kuzindikira kuthamanga kwamadzi kokhazikika pakutha kwa madzi, kukhazikika. njira yoperekera madzi, komanso kupulumutsa mphamvu.
Kuchita kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake:
1. Mlingo wapamwamba wa automation ndi ntchito yanzeru: Zidazi zimayendetsedwa ndi purosesa wanzeru wapakati, kugwira ntchito ndi kusintha kwa pampu yogwira ntchito ndi pampu yoyimilira ndizodziwikiratu, ndipo zolakwazo zimangodziwika, kuti wogwiritsa ntchito adziwe mwachangu. chifukwa cha zolakwika kuchokera ku mawonekedwe a makina a anthu.Malamulo a PID otsekedwa amatengedwa, ndipo kulondola kwamphamvu kosalekeza kumakhala kwakukulu, ndi kusinthasintha kwakung'ono kwa madzi.Ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana, imatha kukwaniritsa ntchito yosayang'aniridwa.
2. Kuwongolera koyenera: Kuwongolera koyambira kofewa kwamapampu angapo kumatengedwa kuti achepetse kukhudzidwa ndi kusokoneza pa gridi yamagetsi chifukwa chakuyamba mwachindunji.Mfundo yogwira ntchito poyambira pampu yayikulu ndi: choyamba tsegulani ndiyeno muyime, choyamba muyime kenako ndikutsegula, mwayi wofanana, womwe umathandizira kukulitsa moyo wa unit.
3. Ntchito zonse: Ili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zodzitchinjiriza zodzitchinjiriza monga zochulukira, zozungulira zazifupi, ndi overcurrent.Zipangizozi zimayenda mokhazikika, zodalirika, komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza.Ili ndi ntchito monga kuyimitsa mpope ngati madzi akusowa ndikusintha ntchito yapampu yamadzi panthawi yokhazikika.Pankhani ya madzi anthawi yake, amatha kukhazikitsidwa ngati kusintha kwanthawi yake kudzera pagawo lapakati lowongolera mudongosolo kuti akwaniritse kusintha kwapampopi yamadzi.Pali njira zitatu zogwirira ntchito: zolemba, zodziwikiratu, ndi sitepe imodzi (pokhapokha pakakhala chotchinga chokhudza) kuti mukwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana.
4. Kuwunika kwakutali (ntchito yosankha): Kutengera kuphunzira kwathunthu zinthu zapakhomo ndi zakunja ndi zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito ndikuphatikiza zomwe zidachitika ndi akatswiri aukadaulo kwazaka zambiri, njira yowongolera mwanzeru ya zida zoperekera madzi idapangidwa kuti iziyang'anira ndikuwunika dongosolo. voliyumu ya madzi, kuthamanga kwa madzi, mlingo wamadzimadzi, ndi zina zotero kupyolera mu kuyang'anitsitsa kwakutali pa intaneti, ndikuyang'anira mwachindunji ndi kulemba zochitika za dongosolo la ntchito ndi kupereka ndemanga zenizeni zenizeni kupyolera mu mapulogalamu amphamvu a kasinthidwe.Deta yosonkhanitsidwa imakonzedwa ndikuperekedwa kuti kasamalidwe ka database ya netiweki yadongosolo lonse la mafunso ndi kusanthula.Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndikuwunikidwa patali kudzera pa intaneti, kusanthula zolakwika ndi kugawana zambiri.
5. Ukhondo ndi Kupulumutsa Mphamvu: Mwa kusintha liwiro la injini kudzera pakusintha pafupipafupi, kukakamiza kwa maukonde a wogwiritsa ntchito kumatha kusungidwa nthawi zonse, ndipo mphamvu yopulumutsa mphamvu imatha kufika 60%.Kuthamanga kwapakati pamadzi abwinobwino kumatha kuwongoleredwa mkati mwa ± 0.01Mpa.
1. Njira yachitsanzo ya madzi oyera kwambiri imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi ntchito yoyesera komanso zofunikira zaukadaulo.
Pakuyesa kopanda intaneti: Zitsanzo zamadzi ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa pasadakhale ndikuwunikidwa posachedwa.Sampling point iyenera kukhala yoyimira chifukwa imakhudza mwachindunji zotsatira za mayeso.
2. Kukonzekera kotengera:
Pazitsanzo za silicon, cations, anions ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zotengera zapulasitiki za polyethylene ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kutengera zitsanzo za organic carbon and microorganisms, mabotolo agalasi okhala ndi zoyimitsa magalasi apansi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
3. Njira yopangira mabotolo a zitsanzo:
3.1 Pakupanga ndi kusanthula kwathunthu kwa silicon: zilowetseni mabotolo atatu a 500 mL a mabotolo amadzi oyera kapena mabotolo a hydrochloric acid okhala ndi mulingo wachiyero kuposa chiyero chapamwamba mu 1mol hydrochloric acid usiku wonse, sambani ndi madzi oyera kwambiri kuposa nthawi khumi (nthawi iliyonse, gwedezani mwamphamvu kwa mphindi imodzi ndi pafupifupi 150 mL yamadzi oyera ndikutaya ndikubwereza kuyeretsa), mudzaze ndi madzi oyera, yeretsani kapu ya botolo ndi madzi oyera kwambiri, sindikizani mwamphamvu, ndikusiya kuti iyime usiku wonse.
3.2 Pakusanthula kwa anion ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono: zilowerereni mabotolo atatu a 500 ml ya mabotolo amadzi oyera kapena mabotolo a H2O2 okhala ndi mulingo wachiyero kuposa ukhondo wapamwamba mu 1mol NaOH yankho usiku wonse, ndikuwatsuka monga mu 3.1.
3.4 Pakuwunika kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi TOC: Dzazani mabotolo atatu a 50mL-100mL m'mabotolo agalasi a potassium dichromate sulfuric acid, kuwatsekera, kuwaviika mu asidi usiku wonse, kuwasambitsa ndi madzi oyera kwambiri kuposa nthawi 10 (nthawi iliyonse). , gwedezani mwamphamvu kwa mphindi imodzi, kutaya, ndi kubwereza kuyeretsa), yeretsani kapu ya botolo ndi madzi oyera kwambiri, ndikusindikiza mwamphamvu.Kenaka yikani mumphika wothamanga kwambiri ** mphika wa nthunzi yothamanga kwambiri kwa mphindi 30.
4. Njira yachitsanzo:
4.1 Kusanthula kwa anion, cation ndi particle, musanatenge chitsanzo chokhazikika, tsanulirani madzi mu botolo ndikutsuka maulendo oposa 10 ndi madzi oyera kwambiri, kenaka jekeseni 350-400mL ya madzi oyera kwambiri nthawi imodzi, yeretsani. Chophimba chabotolo chokhala ndi madzi oyera kwambiri ndikusindikiza mwamphamvu, kenako ndikusindikiza mu thumba la pulasitiki loyera.
4.2 Pofufuza za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi TOC, tsanulirani madzi mu botolo mwamsanga musanatenge chitsanzo, mudzaze ndi madzi oyera kwambiri, ndikusindikiza nthawi yomweyo ndi kapu ya botolo losabala ndikusindikiza mu thumba la pulasitiki loyera.
Utoto wopukuta umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kutsatsa ndikusinthana ma ayoni ambiri m'madzi.Mtengo wolowera magetsi olowera nthawi zambiri umakhala wokulirapo kuposa ma megaohms 15, ndipo fyuluta yopukutira ili kumapeto kwa njira yoyeretsera madzi (ndondomeko: magawo awiri a RO + EDI + kupukuta utomoni) kuwonetsetsa kuti dongosolo limatulutsa madzi. khalidwe likhoza kukwaniritsa miyezo yogwiritsira ntchito madzi.Nthawi zambiri, madzi otuluka amatha kukhazikika mpaka pamwamba pa 18 megaohms, ndipo amatha kuwongolera TOC ndi SiO2.Mitundu ya ion yopukutira utomoni ndi H ndi OH, ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji mutadzaza popanda kusinthika.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale omwe amafunikira madzi abwino kwambiri.
Mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuzindikirika posintha utomoni wopukutira:
1. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi oyera kuti muyeretse tanki yosefera musanalowe m'malo.Ngati madzi akufunika kuwonjezeredwa kuti azitha kudzaza, madzi oyera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo madziwo amayenera kutsanulidwa kapena kuchotsedwa utomoniwo utalowa mu thanki kuti utomoni usaduke.
2. Mukadzaza utomoni, zida zomwe zikukhudzana ndi utomoni ziyenera kutsukidwa kuti mafuta asalowe mu tanki ya resin.
3. Pochotsa utomoni wodzazidwa, chubu chapakati ndi chotolera madzi chiyenera kutsukidwa kotheratu, ndipo pansi pa thanki pasakhale zotsalira za utomoni, apo ayi utomoni wogwiritsidwa ntchitowu ungaipitsa madzi.
4. mphete ya O-ring yosindikizira iyenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zigawo zoyenera ziyenera kufufuzidwa ndikusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo ngati zowonongeka panthawi iliyonse.
5. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito tanki ya FRP (yomwe imadziwika kuti fiberglass tank) ngati bedi la utomoni, wosonkhanitsa madzi ayenera kusiyidwa mu thanki asanadzaze utomoni.Panthawi yodzaza, wosonkhanitsa madzi ayenera kugwedezeka nthawi ndi nthawi kuti asinthe malo ake ndikuyika chivundikirocho.
6. Mukadzaza utomoni ndikulumikiza chitoliro chosefera, tsegulani bowo lomwe lili pamwamba pa thanki yosefera, pang'onopang'ono kuthira madzi mpaka dzenjelo litasefukira ndipo palibe thovu linanso lopangidwa, ndiyeno tsekani dzenjelo kuti muyambe kupanga. madzi.
Zida zamadzi oyeretsedwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga mankhwala, zodzoladzola, ndi zakudya.Pakadali pano, njira zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndiukadaulo wamagawo awiri a reverse osmosis kapena ukadaulo wa magawo awiri a reverse osmosis + EDI.Zigawo zomwe zimakumana ndi madzi zimagwiritsa ntchito SUS304 kapena SUS316 zida.Kuphatikizidwa ndi njira yophatikizika, amawongolera zomwe zili ndi ion komanso kuchuluka kwa ma microbial mumtundu wamadzi.Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizozi zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti madzi azikhala osasunthika pamapeto ogwiritsidwa ntchito, m'pofunika kulimbikitsa kukonza ndi kusamalira zipangizo pa kayendetsedwe ka tsiku ndi tsiku.
1. Nthawi zonse m'malo fyuluta makatiriji ndi consumables, kutsatira mosamalitsa buku ntchito zida m'malo consumables zogwirizana;
2. Onetsetsani nthawi zonse machitidwe a zida zogwiritsira ntchito pamanja, monga kuyambitsa pulogalamu yoyeretsera chisanadze pamanja, ndikuyang'ana ntchito zotetezera monga kutsika kwa magetsi, kudzaza, ubwino wa madzi kupitirira miyezo ndi mlingo wamadzimadzi;
3. Tengani zitsanzo pa mfundo iliyonse nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muwonetsetse kuti gawo lililonse likugwira ntchito;
4. Tsatirani mosamalitsa njira zoyendetsera ntchito kuti muyang'ane momwe zida zimagwirira ntchito ndikulemba zofunikira zogwirira ntchito;
5. Nthawi zonse muziwongolera kuchulukana kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu zida ndi mapaipi opatsirana moyenera.
Zida zamadzi oyeretsedwa nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa reverse osmosis pochotsa zonyansa, mchere, ndi magwero a kutentha m'madzi, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga mankhwala, zipatala, ndi mafakitale am'madzi am'madzi.
Ukadaulo wapakatikati wa zida zamadzi oyeretsedwa umagwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano monga reverse osmosis ndi EDI kupanga njira zonse zoyeretsera madzi oyeretsedwa ndi zinthu zomwe akuzifuna.Ndiye, kodi zida zamadzi zoyeretsedwa ziyenera kusamalidwa bwanji tsiku lililonse?Malangizo otsatirawa angakhale othandiza:
Zosefera zamchenga ndi zosefera za kaboni ziyenera kutsukidwa osachepera masiku 2-3 aliwonse.Chotsani kaye sefa yamchenga kenako sefa ya kaboni.Pangani kuchapa kumbuyo musanachapire patsogolo.Zida zamchenga za quartz ziyenera kusinthidwa pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, ndipo zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi carbon activated ziyenera kusinthidwa pakatha miyezi 18.
Sefa yolondola imangofunika kukhetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata.Chosefera cha PP mkati mwa fyuluta yolondola chiyenera kutsukidwa kamodzi pamwezi.Fyulutayo ikhoza kupatulidwa ndikuchotsedwa mu chipolopolo, kutsukidwa ndi madzi, kenako ndikugwirizanitsa.Ndi bwino kuti m'malo pambuyo 3 months.
Mchenga wa quartz kapena activated carbon mkati mwa sefa yamchenga kapena kaboni fyuluta iyenera kutsukidwa ndikusinthidwa miyezi khumi ndi iwiri iliyonse.
Ngati zidazo sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muthamangitse maola awiri aliwonse masiku awiri.Ngati chipangizocho chatsekedwa usiku, fyuluta ya mchenga wa quartz ndi fyuluta ya carbon activated ikhoza kutsukidwa ndi madzi apampopi ngati madzi osaphika.
Ngati kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa madzi opangidwa ndi 15% kapena kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwamadzi kumapitilira muyezo sikumayambika chifukwa cha kutentha ndi kupanikizika, zikutanthauza kuti nembanemba ya osmosis iyenera kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala.
Panthawi ya opaleshoni, zovuta zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana.Vuto likachitika, yang'anani mbiri ya opareshoni mwatsatanetsatane ndikusanthula chomwe chayambitsa cholakwikacho.
Makhalidwe a zida zamadzi oyeretsedwa:
Mapangidwe osavuta, odalirika, komanso osavuta kukhazikitsa.
Zida zonse zoyeretsera madzi oyeretsedwa zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimakhala zosalala, zopanda ngodya zakufa, komanso zosavuta kuyeretsa.Imalimbana ndi dzimbiri komanso kupewa dzimbiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi apampopi mwachindunji kuti mupange madzi oyeretsedwa osabala kumatha kusintha madzi osungunuka ndi madzi osungunuka kawiri.
Zigawo zapakati (reverse osmosis membrane, EDI module, etc.) zimatumizidwa kunja.
Makina opangira okha (PLC + makina opangira anthu) amatha kutsuka bwino.
Zida zochokera kunja zimatha kusanthula molondola, mosalekeza, ndikuwonetsa mtundu wamadzi.
Reverse Osmosis nembanemba ndi gawo lofunikira lopangira zida zamadzi zosinthira osmosis.Kuyeretsedwa ndi kulekanitsidwa kwa madzi kumadalira gawo la nembanemba kuti limalize.Kuyika bwino kwa membrane ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zida za reverse osmosis zikuyenda bwino komanso madzi okhazikika.
Njira Yoyikira Reverse Osmosis Membrane ya Zida Zamadzi Oyera:
1. Choyamba, tsimikizirani ndondomeko, chitsanzo, ndi kuchuluka kwa chinthu cha reverse osmosis membrane.
2. Ikani mphete ya O pa cholumikizira cholumikizira.Mukayika, mafuta opaka mafuta monga Vaseline angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa O-ring ngati pakufunikira kuti ateteze kuwonongeka kwa O-ring.
3. Chotsani mbale zomaliza pamapeto onse a chotengera chokakamiza.Tsukani chotengera chotsegulira ndi madzi oyera ndikuyeretsa khoma lamkati.
4. Malingana ndi kalozera wa msonkhano wa chotengera chopondereza, ikani mbale yoyimitsa ndi mbale yomaliza pamphepete mwa madzi osakanikirana a chotengera chokakamiza.
5. Ikani chinthu cha RO reverse osmosis membrane.Ikani malekezero a chinthu cha nembanemba popanda mphete yosindikizira yamadzi amchere yofanana ndi gawo loperekera madzi (kumtunda) kwa chotengera chokakamiza, ndikukankhira pang'onopang'ono 2/3 ya chinthucho mkati.
6. Pakuyika, kanikizani chipolopolo cha reverse osmosis membrane kuchokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto kwamadzi okhazikika.Ngati itayikidwa mobwerera, imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa chisindikizo chamadzi ndi membrane.
7. Ikani pulagi yolumikizira.Mukayika nembanemba yonse mu chotengera chopondereza, ikani cholumikizira cholumikizira pakati pa zinthuzo pakati pa chitoliro chamadzi a chinthucho, ndipo ngati pakufunika, ikani mafuta opangira silikoni pa O-ring ya olowa musanayike.
8. Mukamaliza kudzaza ndi zinthu zonse za reverse osmosis membrane, yikani payipi yolumikizira.
Zomwe zili pamwambapa ndi njira yokhazikitsira nembanemba ya reverse osmosis ya zida zamadzi zoyera.Ngati mukukumana ndi mavuto pa unsembe, chonde omasuka kulankhula nafe.
The makina fyuluta makamaka ntchito kuchepetsa turbidity wa madzi yaiwisi.Madzi aiwisi amatumizidwa mu fyuluta yamakina yodzazidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mchenga wa quartz.Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowononga zowonongeka za mchenga wa quartz, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayimitsidwa ndi ma colloids m'madzi amatha kuchotsedwa bwino, ndipo matope amadzimadzi amakhala osakwana 1mg/L, kuwonetsetsa kuti njira zochiritsira zotsatizana zikugwira ntchito bwino.
Ma coagulants amawonjezedwa pamapaipi amadzi osaphika.The coagulant akukumana ion hydrolysis ndi polymerization m'madzi.The zosiyanasiyana mankhwala ku hydrolysis ndi aggregation kwambiri adsorbed ndi particles colloid m'madzi, kuchepetsa tinthu padziko mlandu ndi mayamwidwe makulidwe imodzi.The tinthu repulsion mphamvu amachepetsa, iwo kuyandikira ndi coalesce.The polima opangidwa ndi hydrolysis adzakhala adsorbed ndi colloids awiri kapena kuposerapo kubala bridging kugwirizana pakati particles, pang'onopang'ono kupanga flocs zazikulu.Pamene madzi yaiwisi akudutsa mu makina fyuluta, iwo adzakhala anapitiriza ndi mchenga fyuluta zakuthupi.
Kutsatsa kwamakina fyuluta ndi njira yotsatsira thupi, yomwe imatha kugawidwa pafupifupi malo otakasuka (mchenga wowawa) ndi malo owundana (mchenga wabwino) molingana ndi njira yodzaza zinthu zosefera.Kuyimitsidwa zinthu makamaka kupanga kukhudzana coagulation m'dera lotayirira ndi kuyenda kukhudzana, kotero dera lino akhoza kusokoneza zazikulu particles.M'dera wandiweyani, kulowerako kumadalira makamaka kugunda kwa inertia ndi kuyamwa pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kotero kuti derali likhoza kusokoneza tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Pamene makina fyuluta amakhudzidwa kwambiri makina zonyansa, akhoza kutsukidwa ndi backwashing.Kulowa mmbuyo kwa madzi ndi kusakaniza kwa mpweya kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula ndi kutsuka mchenga wa fyuluta mu fyuluta.Zinthu zomwe zimagwidwa pamwamba pa mchenga wa quartz zimatha kuchotsedwa ndikutengedwa ndi madzi osamba a backwash, omwe amathandiza kuchotsa zinyalala ndi zinthu zomwe zaimitsidwa muzosefera ndikuletsa kutsekeka kwa zinthu zosefera.Zosefera zidzabwezeretsanso mphamvu zake zowononga zowononga, ndikukwaniritsa cholinga choyeretsa.The backwash amawongoleredwa ndi zolowera ndi kutulutsa kuthamanga magawo osiyana kapena kuyeretsa nthawi, ndipo nthawi yeniyeni yoyeretsera imadalira turbidity ya madzi osaphika.
Popanga madzi oyera, njira zina zoyambilira zinagwiritsa ntchito kusinthana kwa ion pochiza, pogwiritsa ntchito bedi la cation, bedi la anion, ndi ukadaulo wophatikizika wa bedi.Kusinthana kwa ion ndi njira yapadera yoyamwitsa yolimba yomwe imatha kuyamwa cation kapena anion kuchokera m'madzi, kusinthanitsa ndi kuchuluka kofanana kwa ion wina ndi mtengo womwewo, ndikuutulutsa m'madzi.Izi zimatchedwa ion exchange.Malinga ndi mitundu ya ma ion osinthanitsa, othandizira osinthira ma ion amatha kugawidwa kukhala othandizira osinthira ma cation ndi anion exchange agents.
Makhalidwe a organic kuipitsidwa kwa anion resins mu zida zamadzi oyera ndi awa:
1. Utotowo ukaipitsidwa, utomoniwo umakhala woderapo, umasintha kuchokera ku chikasu chowala kupita ku bulauni woderapo kenako wakuda.
2. Mphamvu yosinthanitsa yogwirira ntchito ya utomoni imachepetsedwa, ndipo nthawi yopanga mphamvu ya bedi ya anion imachepa kwambiri.
3. Ma organic acid amalowa m'madzi, ndikupangitsa kuti utsiwo ukhale wabwino.
4. Phindu la pH la madzi otayira limachepa.Pazikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito, pH yamadzi otayira kuchokera pa bedi la anion nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 7-8 (chifukwa cha kutayikira kwa NaOH).Utotowo ukayipitsidwa, pH yamadzimadzi imatha kutsika mpaka 5.4-5.7 chifukwa cha kutayikira kwa ma organic acid.
5. Zomwe zili mu SiO2 zimawonjezeka.The dissociation constant of organic acids (fulvic acid ndi humic acid) m'madzi ndi yaikulu kuposa ya H2SiO3.Choncho, zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi utomoni zimatha kulepheretsa kusinthana kwa H2SiO3 ndi utomoni, kapena kuchotsa H2SiO3 yomwe yakhala ikugulitsidwa kale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti SiO2 iwonongeke msanga kuchokera ku bedi la anion.
6. Kuchuluka kwa madzi osamba kumawonjezeka.Chifukwa organic adsorbed pa utomoni ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha -COOH magulu ogwira ntchito, utomoniwo umasinthidwa kukhala -COONA panthawi yosinthika.Panthawi yoyeretsa, ma Na + ions awa amasamutsidwa mosalekeza ndi mineral acid m'madzi omwe ali ndi mphamvu, zomwe zimawonjezera nthawi yoyeretsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pabedi la anion.
Zogulitsa za reverse osmosis membrane zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo amadzi apamtunda, madzi obwezeretsedwa, kuthira madzi oyipa, kuchotsa mchere m'madzi am'nyanja, madzi oyera, komanso kupanga madzi oyera kwambiri.Mainjiniya omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amadziwa kuti nembanemba ya polyamide reverse osmosis imatha kutenthedwa ndi okosijeni.Chifukwa chake, mukamagwiritsa ntchito makutidwe ndi okosijeni mu chithandizo chisanachitike, zochepetsera zofananira ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Kupititsa patsogolo luso la anti-oxidation la nembanemba ya reverse osmosis kwakhala njira yofunika kwambiri kwa ogulitsa nembanemba kuti apititse patsogolo ukadaulo ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni kungayambitse kuchepa kwakukulu komanso kosasinthika kwa magwiridwe antchito a reverse osmosis nembanemba, makamaka kuwonetseredwa ngati kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mchere komanso kuchuluka kwamadzi.Kuti zitsimikizire kuchuluka kwa mchere wadongosolo, zigawo za membrane nthawi zambiri zimafunika kusinthidwa.Komabe, ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni?
(I) Zochitika zodziwika bwino za okosijeni ndi zomwe zimayambitsa
1. Kuukira kwa chlorine: Mankhwala okhala ndi chloride amawonjezedwa kumalowa m'thupi, ndipo ngati samwedwa mokwanira pochiritsa, chlorine yotsalirayo imalowa mu nembanemba ya reverse osmosis.
2. Kufufuza kotsalira kwa klorini ndi ayoni zitsulo zolemera monga Cu2+, Fe2+, ndi Al3+ m'madzi amphamvu zimapangitsa kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni apangidwe mu polyamide desalination wosanjikiza.
3. Mankhwala ena oxidizing amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi, monga chlorine dioxide, potassium permanganate, ozoni, hydrogen peroxide, ndi zina zotero.
(II) Kodi mungapewe bwanji makutidwe ndi okosijeni?
1. Onetsetsani kuti reverse osmosis membrane kulowa mkati mulibe chlorine wotsalira:
a.Ikani zida zochepetsera makutidwe a okosijeni pa intaneti kapena zida zotsalira zozindikirira chlorine mupaipi ya reverse osmosis inflow, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito zochepetsera monga sodium bisulfite kuti muzindikire chlorine yotsalira munthawi yeniyeni.
b.Kwa magwero amadzi omwe amataya madzi otayira kuti akwaniritse miyezo ndi machitidwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ultrafiltration ngati chithandizo chisanachitike, kuwonjezera chlorine nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kuipitsidwa ndi ma ultrafiltration.Pamenepa, zida zapaintaneti ndi kuyezetsa kwapaintaneti nthawi ndi nthawi ziyenera kuphatikizidwa kuti zizindikire chlorine yotsalira ndi ORP m'madzi.
2. Njira yoyeretsera nembanemba ya reverse osmosis iyenera kulekanitsidwa ndi makina oyeretsa a ultrafiltration kuti apewe kutayikira kwa klorini kuchokera ku ultrafiltration system kupita ku reverse osmosis system.
Mtengo wotsutsa ndi chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri poyeza ubwino wa madzi oyera.Masiku ano, machitidwe ambiri oyeretsera madzi pamsika amabwera ndi mita ya conductivity, yomwe imawonetsa zonse zomwe zili m'madzi kuti zitithandize kutsimikizira kulondola kwa zotsatira za kuyeza.Ma conductivity mita yakunja imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi ndikuyesa kuyeza, kufananiza ndi ntchito zina.Komabe, zotsatira za muyeso wakunja nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi makina.Ndiye vuto ndi chiyani?Tiyenera kuyamba ndi 18.2MΩ.cm kukana mtengo.
18.2MΩ.cm ndi chizindikiro chofunikira pakuyesa kwamadzi, chomwe chimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma cations ndi anions m'madzi.Pamene ndende ya ion m'madzi imakhala yotsika, mtengo wotsutsa womwe umapezeka ndi wapamwamba, ndipo mosiyana.Choncho, pali mgwirizano wosiyana pakati pa mtengo wotsutsa ndi ndende ya ion.
A. N'chifukwa chiyani malire apamwamba a ultra-pure water resistance value ndi 18.2 MΩ.cm?
Pamene kuchuluka kwa ayoni m'madzi kuyandikira ziro, chifukwa chiyani kukana kwake sikuli kwakukulu kwambiri?Kuti timvetsetse zifukwazo, tiyeni tikambirane za inverse of resistance value - conductivity:
① Conductivity imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma ion m'madzi oyera.Mtengo wake umafanana molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa ion.
② Chigawo cha conductivity nthawi zambiri chimawonetsedwa mu μS/cm.
③ M'madzi oyera (oyimira ndende ya ion), mtengo wa conductivity wa zero kulibe kwenikweni chifukwa sitingathe kuchotsa ma ion onse m'madzi, makamaka poganizira kufanana kwa madzi motere:
Kuchokera pazomwe zili pamwambapa, H+ ndi OH- sizingachotsedwe.Pamene palibe ma ion m'madzi kupatulapo [H+] ndi [OH-], mtengo wotsika wa conductivity ndi 0.055 μS/cm (mtengo uwu umawerengedwa potengera kuchuluka kwa ion, kuyenda kwa ion, ndi zinthu zina, kutengera [H+] = [OH-] = 1.0x10-7).Choncho, mwachidziwitso, ndizosatheka kupanga madzi oyera ndi mtengo wa conductivity wotsika kuposa 0.055μS/cm.Komanso, 0.055 μS/cm ndi kubwereza kwa 18.2M0.cm zomwe timazidziwa bwino, 1/18.2 = 0.055.
Choncho, pa kutentha kwa 25 ° C, palibe madzi oyera omwe ali ndi conductivity otsika kuposa 0.055μS / cm.Mwanjira ina, ndizosatheka kupanga madzi oyera okhala ndi mtengo wokana kuposa 18.2 MΩ/cm.
B. Chifukwa chiyani choyeretsera madzi chimawonetsa 18.2 MΩ.cm, koma ndizovuta kuti tikwaniritse tokha tokha?
Madzi oyera kwambiri amakhala ndi ma ion otsika, ndipo zofunikira pa chilengedwe, njira zogwirira ntchito, ndi zida zoyezera ndizokwera kwambiri.Kugwira ntchito kulikonse kosayenera kungakhudze zotsatira za muyeso.Zolakwa zodziwika bwino pakuyesa kukana kwamadzi osayera kwambiri mu labotale ndi monga:
① Kuyang'anira pa intaneti: Chotsani madzi oyera kwambiri ndikuyika mu beaker kapena chidebe china kuti muyesedwe.
② Mabatire osasinthasintha: Ma conductivity mita okhala ndi batire yokhazikika ya 0.1cm-1 sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kukhathamiritsa kwamadzi oyera kwambiri.
③ Kupanda Kulipiridwa Kwa Kutentha: Kukana kwa 18.2 MΩ.cm m'madzi oyera kwambiri kumatanthawuza zotsatira pansi pa kutentha kwa 25 ° C.Popeza kutentha kwa madzi panthawi yoyezera kumakhala kosiyana ndi kutentha kumeneku, tiyenera kubwezeranso ku 25 ° C tisanayerekeze.
C. Kodi tiyenera kulabadira chiyani tikamayesa kukana kwamadzi oyeretsera kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mita yakunja ya conductivity?
Ponena za zomwe zili mugawo lodziwikiratu kukana mu GB/T33087-2016 "Mafotokozedwe ndi Njira Zoyesera za Madzi Oyera Akuluakulu a Instrumental Analysis," zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kudziwidwa poyezera kukana kwamadzi oyera kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira yakunja. mita:
① Zofunikira pazida: mita yolumikizira pa intaneti yokhala ndi ntchito yolipira kutentha, ma elekitirodi a cell conductivity a 0.01 cm-1, ndi kuyeza kutentha kwa 0.1°C.
② Njira zogwirira ntchito: Lumikizani cell conductivity ya mita ya conductivity ku njira yoyeretsera madzi panthawi yoyezera, tsitsani madzi ndikuchotsa thovu la mpweya, sinthani kuchuluka kwa madzi kuti mukhale wokhazikika, ndikulemba kutentha kwa madzi ndi kukana kwa chipangizocho. kuwerenga kutsutsa kuli kokhazikika.
Zofunikira pazida ndi njira zogwirira ntchito zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa ziyenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa kuti zitsimikizire zolondola zazotsatira zathu zoyezera.
Bedi losakanizika ndi lalifupi lazambiri zosinthira ion, chomwe ndi chipangizo chopangidwira ukadaulo wosinthira ion ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga madzi oyera kwambiri (kukana kuposa ma megaohms 10), omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuseri kwa reverse osmosis kapena Yang bed Yin bed.Zomwe zimatchedwa bedi losakanikirana zimatanthauza kuti gawo lina la cation ndi anion exchange resins zimasakanizidwa ndi kudzaza mu chipangizo chomwecho chosinthira kusinthana ndi kuchotsa ayoni mumadzimadzi.
Chiyerekezo cha cation ndi anion resin kulongedza nthawi zambiri ndi 1: 2.Bedi losakanikirana limagawidwanso mu-situ synchronous regeneration bedi losakanikirana ndi bedi la ex-situ regeneration mix mix.In-situ synchronous regeneration bedi losakanikirana limachitika pabedi losakanikirana panthawi ya ntchito ndi njira yonse yokonzanso, ndipo utomoni sunasunthidwe kunja kwa zipangizo.Komanso, ma cation ndi anion resins amapangidwanso nthawi imodzi, kotero kuti zida zothandizira zofunikira ndizochepa ndipo ntchitoyo ndi yosavuta.
Mawonekedwe a zida zosakanikirana:
1. Madzi amadzi ndi abwino kwambiri, ndipo pH ya madzi otayira ili pafupi kwambiri.
2. Ubwino wa madzi ndi wokhazikika, ndipo kusintha kwakanthawi kochepa pamikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito (monga kulowetsedwa kwa madzi olowera kapena zigawo, kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito, ndi zina zambiri) sikukhudza kwambiri kutayikira kwa bedi losakanikirana.
3. Kuchita kwapang'onopang'ono kumakhudza pang'ono khalidwe la madzi otayira, ndipo nthawi yofunikira kuti mubwererenso ku khalidwe la madzi asanayambe kuzimitsa ndi yochepa.
4. Kuchuluka kwa madzi obwezeretsa kumafika 100%.
Njira zoyeretsera ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zosakanikirana:
1. Ntchito
Pali njira ziwiri zolowera m'madzi: polowera m'madzi amtundu wa Yang bed Yin kapena polowetsa madzi am'madzi (reverse osmosis treatment water).Mukamagwira ntchito, tsegulani valavu yolowera ndi valavu yamadzi azinthu, ndikutseka ma valve ena onse.
2. Kusamba msana
Tsekani valavu yolowera ndi valavu yamadzi azinthu;tsegulani valavu yolowera kumbuyo ndi valavu yotulutsa backwash, tsitsani kumbuyo kwa 10m / h kwa 15min.Kenako, tsegulani valavu yolowera kumbuyo ndi valavu yotulutsa kumbuyo.Lolani kuti akhazikike kwa 5-10min.Tsegulani valavu yotulutsa mpweya ndi valavu yapakati, ndipo tsitsani madzi pang'ono mpaka 10cm kuchokera pamwamba pa utomoni.Tsekani valavu yotulutsa mpweya ndi valavu yapakati.
3. Kubadwanso mwatsopano
Tsegulani valavu yolowera, pampu ya asidi, valavu yolowetsa asidi, ndi valavu yapakati.Bweretsaninso utomoni wa cation pa 5m/s ndi 200L/h, gwiritsani ntchito reverse osmosis madzi opangira madzi kuyeretsa utomoni wa anion, ndikusunga mulingo wamadzimadzi pazanja pamwamba pa utomoni.Mukapanganso utomoni wa cation kwa 30min, tsekani valavu yolowera, pampu ya asidi, ndi valavu yolowera asidi, ndipo tsegulani valavu yolowera kumbuyo, mpope wa alkali, ndi valavu ya alkali.Bweretsaninso utomoni wa anion pa 5m/s ndi 200L/h, gwiritsani ntchito reverse osmosis mankhwala madzi kuyeretsa cation utomoni, ndi kusunga mlingo wamadzimadzi mu ndime pamwamba pa utomoni wosanjikiza.Bweretsani kwa 30min.
4. Kusintha, kusakaniza utomoni, ndi kupukuta
Tsekani mpope wa alkali ndi valavu ya alkali, ndipo tsegulani valavu yolowera.Bwezerani ndi kuyeretsa utomoni pobweretsa madzi kuchokera pamwamba ndi pansi nthawi imodzi.Pambuyo pa mphindi 30, tsegulani valavu yolowera, valavu yolowera kumbuyo, ndi valavu yapakati.Tsegulani valavu yotulutsira kumbuyo, valve yolowetsa mpweya, ndi valavu yotulutsa mpweya, ndi kuthamanga kwa 0.1 ~ 0.15MPa ndi mpweya wa 2 ~ 3m3 / (m2 · min), sakanizani utomoni wa 0.5 ~ 5min.Tsekani valavu yotulutsa backwash ndi valavu yolowera mpweya, mulole kuti ikhazikike kwa 1 ~ 2min.Tsegulani valavu yolowera ndi valavu yotulutsira kutsogolo, sinthani valavu yotulutsa mpweya, mudzaze madzi mpaka musakhale mpweya, ndikutsuka utomoni.Pamene conductivity ifika pa zofunikira, tsegulani valavu yopangira madzi, kutseka valavu yotulutsa madzi, ndikuyamba kupanga madzi.
Ngati pakatha nthawi yogwira ntchito, tinthu tating'ono ta mchere mu thanki ya brine ya chofewetsa sichinachepe ndipo madzi opangidwa ndi madzi sali oyenera, ndizotheka kuti chofewacho sichingathe kuyamwa mchere, ndipo zifukwa zake makamaka ndi izi: :
1. Choyamba, onani ngati kuthamanga kwa madzi komwe kukubwera kuli koyenera.Ngati kuthamanga kwa madzi komwe kukubwera sikukwanira (osakwana 1.5kg), kupanikizika koipa sikungapangidwe, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti wofewa asatenge mchere;
2. Yang'anani ndikuwona ngati chitoliro choyamwitsa mchere chatsekedwa.Ngati watsekeredwa, sungathe kuyamwa mchere;
3. Onani ngati ngalandeyo yatsekedwa.Ngalande ikatha kukana kwambiri chifukwa cha zinyalala zochulukira muzosefera za payipi, kupanikizika koyipa sikungapangidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chofewacho zisamwe mchere.
Ngati mfundo zitatu zomwe zili pamwambazi zathetsedwa, ndiye kuti m'pofunika kuganizira ngati chitoliro chothirira mchere chikutuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ulowe komanso kupanikizika kwamkati kumakhala kokwera kwambiri kuti musatenge mchere.Kusagwirizana pakati pa choletsa madzi otsekemera ndi jeti, kutayikira m'thupi la valve, komanso kuchulukana kwa gasi komwe kumayambitsa kuthamanga kwambiri ndizonso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chofewacho chilephere kuyamwa mchere.