Mineral Water Production Ultrafiltration System
Ultrafiltration ndi njira yosefera ya nembanemba yomwe imalekanitsa zinthu kutengera kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwa maselo.Zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito nembanemba yomwe imalola kuti mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono ndi zosungunulira zidutse ndikusunga mamolekyu akulu ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono.
M'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, ultrafiltration imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa komanso kuyika mayankho a macromolecular, makamaka mayankho a protein.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mankhwala ndi mankhwala, kukonza zakudya ndi zakumwa, komanso kuyeretsa madzi oyipa.Mapulogalamuwa amafuna kukonzanso zinthu, kukweza zinthu zabwino, ndikuchotsa zonyansa.
Kuphatikiza apo, ultrafiltration ndiyofunikira kwambiri pa dialysis ya magazi, njira yachipatala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zinyalala ndi madzi ochulukirapo m'magazi mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la impso.Posankha zinthu zovulaza ndikusunga zofunikira, ultrafiltration imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kuti anthu omwe akufunika chithandizo cha dialysis akhalebe ndi moyo wabwino.
Ponseponse, ultrafiltration imapereka njira yothandiza yolekanitsa ndi kuyeretsa m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kukonza njira, ndikuthandizira kuti pakhale zotsatira zabwino pamafakitale ndi zamankhwala.
Ultrafiltration imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuyeretsa madzi akumwa, makamaka m'mafakitale ku Germany.Ndi mphamvu ya 300 m3 / h, ultrafiltration imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi ma macromolecules m'madzi osaphika, kuonetsetsa kuti ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za madzi akumwa.
Ultrafiltration ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yodziyimira yokha m'madera akutali omwe akukumana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu kapena m'malo mwa makina osefera omwe alipo m'malo opangira madzi.Pochita ndi madzi omwe ali ndi zinthu zambiri zoyimitsidwa, chithandizo choyambirira ndi chachiwiri monga kuyang'ana, kuyandama, ndi kusefera zimaphatikizidwa ndi ultrafiltration monga magawo oyambirira a mankhwala.
Njira za UF zimapereka maubwino angapo kuposa njira zachikhalidwe.Safuna mankhwala kupatula zoyeretsera, kuonetsetsa kuti madzi akumwa opanda mankhwala.Ubwino wa mankhwalawo umakhalabe wosasinthasintha mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa madzi a chakudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale gwero lodalirika la madzi amchere.Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kophatikizana kwa mbewu za UF kumawapangitsa kukhala oyenera makonda osiyanasiyana.
Imodzi mwamphamvu zazikulu za ultrafiltration ndikutha kupitilira miyezo yoyendetsera madzi.Ndi mphamvu yochotsa 90-100% ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, UF imatsimikizira kuti madzi oyeretsedwa ndi otetezeka kuti amwe.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti njira za UF zimakumana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kuyipitsa kwa membrane ndikusintha m'malo mwake, zomwe zitha kukhala zokwera mtengo.Kuti muchepetse vutoli, kuthandizidwa kowonjezera kwa madzi akudya ndikofunikira kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mayunitsi a nembanemba.
Nthawi zambiri, ultrafiltration imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo losefera muzomera za reverse osmosis (RO).Poteteza nembanemba za RO kuti zisawonongeke ndikuwonongeka, UF imathandizira kukonza bwino komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali pakuyeretsa madzi.
Ponseponse, ultrafiltration ndi njira yothandiza komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira madzi akumwa abwino, omwe amapereka zabwino monga kusagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, kukhazikika kwazinthu zapamwamba nthawi zonse, komanso kuthekera kopitilira malamulo owongolera.
Ultrafiltration (UF) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani a mkaka, makamaka pokonza cheese whey kuti apeze whey protein concentrate (WPC) ndi lactose-rich permeate.Mu gawo limodzi, UF imatha kuyika whey nthawi 10-30 poyerekeza ndi chakudya choyambirira.
M'mbuyomu, kutentha kwa nthunzi komwe kumatsatiridwa ndi kuyanika kwa ng'oma kapena kuyanika kupopera kunali njira ina m'malo mwa kusefera kwa membrane wa whey.Komabe, njirazi zidapangitsa kuti zinthu zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mochepera chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka granulated komanso kusasungunuka.Kuphatikiza apo, njirazi zinali zosagwirizana ndi kapangidwe kazinthu, ndalama zambiri komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimasokoneza mapuloteni ena chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyanika.
Mosiyana ndi izi, njira za UF zopangira cheese whey zimapereka maubwino angapo kuposa njira zachikhalidwe:
Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi: Njira za UF zimafuna mphamvu zochepa poyerekeza ndi njira zotenthetsera ndi kuyanika.
Ubwino wazinthu zofananira: Kutengera momwe amagwirira ntchito, njira za UF zimatha kutulutsa mapuloteni a whey omwe amakhala ndi mapuloteni kuyambira 35% mpaka 80%.Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zinthu zili bwino.
Kusunga umphumphu wa mapuloteni: Njira za UF zimagwira ntchito pansi pamikhalidwe yocheperako, zomwe zimathandiza kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni.Zotsatira zake, mapuloteni omwe ali mu whey amakhalabe osasunthika ndikusunga magwiridwe antchito awo.
Komabe, njira za UF za cheese whey zimakumana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kuipitsidwa, zomwe zingachepetse kwambiri zokolola.Cheese whey imakhala ndi calcium phosphate yambiri, yomwe imatha kubweretsa ma depositi pakhungu.Kuti izi zitheke, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse pH ndi kutentha kwa chakudya, kuonetsetsa kuti mchere wa calcium usungunuka.
Mwachidule, njira za UF zasintha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mumakampani a mkaka, makamaka pakupanga mapuloteni a whey.Amapereka mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, khalidwe losasinthasintha la mankhwala, komanso kusunga umphumphu wa mapuloteni.Komabe, ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti mupewe kuipitsa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ma depositi a calcium phosphate.
Ultrafiltration (UF) ili ndi ntchito zina zambiri kupitilira makampani a mkaka.Ntchito zina zowonjezera ndi izi:
Kusefedwa kwa utsi kuchokera pa mphero zapapepala: UF imatha kuchotsa zolimba, lignin, ndi zonyansa zina zomwe zayimitsidwa kuchokera kunyansi zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi ya mphero zapapepala, kuthandiza kukwaniritsa malamulo a chilengedwe ndikupanga madzi aukhondo kuti agwiritsidwenso ntchito kapena kukhetsedwa.
Kupanga Tchizi: UF imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tchizi kuyika kwambiri mapuloteni amkaka ndikuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tchizi zikhale ndi mapuloteni ambiri.Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imatchedwa ultrafiltered mkaka.
Kuchotsa mabakiteriya ena mumkaka: UF ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa mabakiteriya, spores, ndi maselo a somatic ku mkaka wosaphika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mkaka ukhale wabwino komanso kuchuluka kwa alumali.
Njira ndi chithandizo chamadzi otayira: UF imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana pakulekanitsa ndi kuchotsa zolimba, ma colloids, ndi ma macromolecules kuchokera mumitsinje ndi madzi oyipa.Ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera zolimba zomwe zayimitsidwa ndi zowononga organic, zomwe zimapangitsa madzi oyera kuti agwiritsidwenso ntchito kapena kukhetsedwa.
Kuchira kwa enzyme: UF itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ilekanitse ndikubwezeretsanso ma enzymes kuchokera ku fermentation broths kapena magwero ena.Njirayi imalola kuyeretsedwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa ma enzymes, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, monga chakudya, mankhwala, ndi biofuel.
Kuchulukira kwa madzi a zipatso ndi kufotokozera: UF imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika timadziti tazipatso pochotsa madzi ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipatsozo zikhale zolimba komanso zokometsera.Kuphatikiza apo, UF imatha kumveketsa bwino madzi a zipatso pochotsa zolimba zoyimitsidwa ndi mitambo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chinthu chowoneka bwino komanso chowoneka bwino.
Dialysis ndi mankhwala ena a magazi: UF imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza magazi ndi kuchotsa zinthu zonyansa, madzi owonjezera, ndi poizoni m'magazi.Kuthekera kwa nembanemba za UF posankha mamolekyu motengera kukula kumalola kuchotsa zinthu zovulaza ndikusunga zinthu zofunika m'magazi.
Kuchotsa mchere ndi kusinthana kwa mapuloteni (kudzera mwa diafiltration): UF ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mchere komanso kusinthana ndi zosungunulira zamapuloteni.Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kuchotsa mchere kuchokera ku mapuloteni osungunuka ndi kusinthanitsa zosungunulirazo ku bafa kapena yankho lomwe mukufuna.
Kupanga kwa labotale: UF imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma labotale pakuyika, kuyeretsa, ndi kulekanitsa ma biomolecules, monga mapuloteni, ma enzyme, ndi nucleic acid.Ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pakufufuza ndi kupanga ma labotale.
Chibwenzi cha Radiocarbon cha mafupa a collagen: UF imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchotsa ndi kuyeretsa kolajeni kuchokera ku zitsanzo zakale zamafupa azaka zakubadwa kwa radiocarbon.Njirayi imalola kuchotsedwa kwa zinthu zosokoneza, kuonetsetsa kuti zolondola komanso zodalirika zokhudzana ndi chibwenzi.
